LCD full-color liquid crystal displays have become ubiquitous in modern technology. They are widely used in various devices such as televisions, computer monitors, smartphones, and tablets. The construction of an LCD display involves multiple layers. At the back, there is a backlight unit, usually consisting of white LEDs, which provides the illumination. In front of the backlight is a polarizer that helps to control the direction of light. Then comes the liquid crystal layer, which is the key component. The liquid crystal molecules can change their orientation in response to an applied electric field. When no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecules allow light to pass through in a certain way. When a voltage is applied, the orientation of the molecules changes, altering the path of light.
In front of the liquid crystal layer, there are color filters. These filters are arranged in a specific pattern, typically in a mosaic of red, green, and blue sub-pixels. By precisely controlling the voltage applied to different regions of the liquid crystal layer and combining the light passing through the color filters, a full range of colors can be produced. The front of the display also has another polarizer. The combination of all these elements, along with the driving circuitry that controls the voltage signals to the liquid crystal cells, enables the display to show high-resolution images and videos. LCD full-color liquid crystal displays offer good color reproduction, relatively low power consumption compared to some other display technologies, and can be manufactured in a wide range of sizes and resolutions, making them suitable for diverse applications from small handheld devices to large-screen televisions.
